{"id":13329,"date":"2024-09-18T08:32:18","date_gmt":"2024-09-18T12:32:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/i-bronx.com\/?p=13329"},"modified":"2024-09-18T08:32:21","modified_gmt":"2024-09-18T12:32:21","slug":"colen-donck-a-colonial-settlement-of-the-17th-century-in-modern-van-cortlandt-park-bronx","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/i-bronx.com\/en\/eternal-colen-donck-a-colonial-settlement-of-the-17th-century-in-modern-van-cortlandt-park-bronx","title":{"rendered":"Colen Donck, a colonial settlement of the 17th century in modern Van Cortlandt Park (Bronx)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;History is the teacher of life,&#8221; the Romans said. This is true. By studying individual historical periods, we can learn a lot about our past and thus avoid a number of mistakes. There are many white spots in the history of the Bronx. One of them is the history of colonization of the territory where this part of New York is now located.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To understand how the colonization took place, we should learn more about the activities of Adriaen van der Donck, a colonist, lawyer and adventurer. Read more about the history of the Bronx through the prism of his life on <a href=\"https:\/\/i-bronx.com\/en\">i-bronx.com<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"553\" height=\"474\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.i-bronx.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2023\/09\/17130742\/pasted-image-0.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12562\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.i-bronx.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2023\/09\/17130742\/pasted-image-0.png 553w, https:\/\/cdn.i-bronx.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2023\/09\/17130742\/pasted-image-0-300x257.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 553px) 100vw, 553px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_74 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a3d64a959956\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a3d64a959956\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/i-bronx.com\/en\/eternal-colen-donck-a-colonial-settlement-of-the-17th-century-in-modern-van-cortlandt-park-bronx\/#An_important_find\" >An important find<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/i-bronx.com\/en\/eternal-colen-donck-a-colonial-settlement-of-the-17th-century-in-modern-van-cortlandt-park-bronx\/#Adriaen_van_der_Donck\" >Adriaen van der Donck<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/i-bronx.com\/en\/eternal-colen-donck-a-colonial-settlement-of-the-17th-century-in-modern-van-cortlandt-park-bronx\/#Colen_Donck_the_first_colonial_settlement\" >Colen Donck, the first colonial settlement<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/i-bronx.com\/en\/eternal-colen-donck-a-colonial-settlement-of-the-17th-century-in-modern-van-cortlandt-park-bronx\/#The_death_of_the_settlement\" >The death of the settlement<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/i-bronx.com\/en\/eternal-colen-donck-a-colonial-settlement-of-the-17th-century-in-modern-van-cortlandt-park-bronx\/#How_many_colonists_were_in_the_settlement_and_what_was_their_profession\" >How many colonists were in the settlement and what was their profession?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/i-bronx.com\/en\/eternal-colen-donck-a-colonial-settlement-of-the-17th-century-in-modern-van-cortlandt-park-bronx\/#Did_the_slave_trade_exist_in_the_settlement\" >Did the slave trade exist in the settlement?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/i-bronx.com\/en\/eternal-colen-donck-a-colonial-settlement-of-the-17th-century-in-modern-van-cortlandt-park-bronx\/#After_Colen_Donck\" >After Colen Donck<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"An_important_find\"><\/span>An important find<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As <a href=\"https:\/\/kingsbridgehistoricalsociety.org\/colendonck-and-the-younckers-plantation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">kingsbridgehistoricalsociety<\/a> notes, it all started with a banal event that took place in 1910, more than 100 years ago, and led to a series of others. A team of workers was digging a trench near the Van Cortlandt House Museum (an American politician who was the first lieutenant governor of New York in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries), located in the park of the same name in the Bronx (New York).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">During the work, they came across something that looked like the stone foundation of a house, which was 10 feet underground. They began to dig further and found things scattered in different parts of the trench: a silver button, fragments of Delft china and a Dutch pipe. The newspapers immediately announced: \u201cFoundation of Adriaen van der Donck\u2019s Home, 265 Years Old, Is Excavated.\u201d But this raised more questions than it answered.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A few years ago, park workers were leveling a field nearby and found broken pottery of Dutch origin: jugs and wine bottles. Another story says that Adriaen van der Donck&#8217;s house was found to the west of the museum. How do you think this could have happened?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.i-bronx.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2023\/09\/17130741\/6nboooljsltinxtolf_bcizkbnoizpth18hvmrje0rctdlw6aqqf7_jlja610knfkybtoeffa1evpbdda1_h37pr0fcefuu_kykxygo2cs9exxrkpmn1rvj608pqeq5isa633w9rzr7ejd2pxn2qmdk.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Photo from <a href=\"https:\/\/kingsbridgehistoricalsociety.org\/colendonck-and-the-younckers-plantation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">kingsbridgehistoricalsociety<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Adriaen_van_der_Donck\"><\/span>Adriaen van der Donck<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Who was Adriaen van der Donck? He was not only one of the first colonists of New Netherland but also a lawyer, writer and a thorn in the side of the directors of the Dutch West India Company, which ran the colony. He asked the company to provide him with land to settle the colonists.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The company met him halfway, as he played an important role in ending Kieft\u2019s War. The latter took place between the first colonists and the Wappinger and Lenape Indians in what is now NYC. In 1645, Adriaen van der Donck received 24,000 acres of land in what is now the Bronx. This land was named Jonkheer (young lord) in honor of the founder. Later, the city of Yonkers was formed here, which eventually became part of the Bronx.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.i-bronx.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2023\/09\/17130740\/mcvkbsz_837jgxjow1g_fqpucw-pea75jfcjj0patsgckf7rk7ruzyp_ghpjvdsx3t1fvbvbrk0ucheu3bmdprvdshew9pufxbviycyzmzral8ogmevq7gv_yhbgcyjcfwpaixxd_4bvocxhpza5yki.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Photo from <a href=\"https:\/\/kingsbridgehistoricalsociety.org\/colendonck-and-the-younckers-plantation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">kingsbridgehistoricalsociety<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Colen_Donck_the_first_colonial_settlement\"><\/span>Colen Donck, the first colonial settlement<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The land acquisition allowed the ambitious dutchman to start building settlements on American soil. It was not just his whim but the company&#8217;s requirement. Van der Donck was a patron and therefore had to populate his land with colonists. He started on a large scale. In 1646, the man built a sawmill to have the necessary lumber to build the settlement. He also hired workers from the colonies to develop his settlement and build it up. He named the settlement Colen Donck, which means Donck\u2019s colony.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There is not much information about the settlement. We will explain the reasons for this below. Thanks to a petition from 1652-1653, there is evidence that Van der Donck initially wanted to settle in the center of Yonkers at the mouth of the Saw Mill River. Here, he built a factory and a farm. Over time, the man took a liking to the valleys and lowlands south of the original site (between the Riverdale hills to the west and Kingsbridge Heights to the east). So, he convinced the company&#8217;s directors to include this area in his grant. Local residents also agreed to sell the land. There were salt marshes and meadows nearby, so the colonists liked it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.i-bronx.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2023\/09\/17130739\/wf7j6b_5szez-cpllqr4pvguhe4ajlnh_kcyhz058hvx3plst38cedrbphosxssh2mwhe6dcef97o_cm5xxxjzedu54j-jtnishaacuujtrznxo-viymm2chb2do51ues524lve5uitwia_nlnspj3a.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Photo from <a href=\"https:\/\/kingsbridgehistoricalsociety.org\/colendonck-and-the-younckers-plantation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">kingsbridgehistoricalsociety<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_death_of_the_settlement\"><\/span>The death of the settlement<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The settlement did not last as long as they had hoped. In 1655, it was attacked by a hundred Indians. The colonists were killed and taken prisoner. The colony could not defend itself as it was far from the main part of the settlers. Therefore, several such parts of the colony were destroyed in those early years. It is believed that Van der Donck was killed during this attack. The attack also destroyed all the colonists&#8217; documents (accounting books, receipts, inventories, maps and contacts). They could tell a lot about the life of the colonists.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.i-bronx.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2023\/09\/17130738\/4zeefuqejncxwhymemrqzjkgznt7yqa-3cejhao7iwpgc5gnmeqttuz6fsqkshb5apdx3zesb5kryocjea0antvdqpwn5otpk8hop31raq-n526zl0hwnj32tjg4kbf8ywo7aqq6elfts42vemfvvts.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Photo from <a href=\"https:\/\/kingsbridgehistoricalsociety.org\/colendonck-and-the-younckers-plantation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">kingsbridgehistoricalsociety<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_many_colonists_were_in_the_settlement_and_what_was_their_profession\"><\/span>How many colonists were in the settlement and what was their profession?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Several building foundations have been found in Van Cortlandt Park. This means that several colonial families lived in the settlement. Where did they come from? To attract new people to the colony, Van der Donck had to travel to the Netherlands to find farmers and artisans. His attempt was unsuccessful. He had to persuade 100 people. But the man managed to motivate only a tile maker, a barrel maker, a gardener and carpenters. An unknown number of colonists were also hired by the Van der Donck family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The fact that Van der Donck and his wife Mary lived in the settlement is not confirmed by documents from the New Amsterdam orphanage. They mention the deaths of 3 men: Jan Mewes, Evert Jansen and Jan Gerritsen, who lived in the settlement. It is also noted that they died during a catastrophe, which was an attack by Indians on the settlement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Also, a document from January 1656 mentions a resident of Wiequaeskeck who took care of Van der Donck&#8217;s cows, i.e., was a shepherd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Another document tells us that the Indians took several bibles from the house of the founder of the settlement, which belonged to Catalyntie Verbeeck. This means that another family lived next to the Van der Donck family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 1667, a woman named Ytie Hendricxsdr (Dutch first and last name) told the magistrates of Albany that she and 2 other sisters had been captured by Indian barbarians on Van der Donck&#8217;s lands near the Hudson River. Therefore, it is possible that the Hendricxsdr sisters were neighbors of the Van der Doncks in the Colen Donck settlement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thus, even such fragmentary records that scholars have found in various places and documents prove that there was a settlement in Colen Donck consisting of several families. This also suggests that the number of buildings where these people had to live must have been much larger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Did_the_slave_trade_exist_in_the_settlement\"><\/span>Did the slave trade exist in the settlement?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The 16th century was a time of slave trade. The Dutch were also engaged in it. Could slaves have lived in the settlement? It is possible. There is even a theory that Van der Don\u0441k owned slaves. But there is no evidence to confirm or deny this. Slavery is mentioned only in Van der Donck&#8217;s works (remember that he is a writer). The works refer to the protection of the rights of freed slaves whose children were not considered free according to the policy of the Dutch West India Company. In a petition to the company, Van der Donck spoke out about the cruelty of this policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"After_Colen_Donck\"><\/span>After Colen Donck<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">10 years after Van der Donck&#8217;s murder and the destruction of the settlement, English colonists arrived here, as England conquered New Netherland. To find information about this settlement and its scale, it was necessary to research land documents, old maps and censuses. Later, a second settlement appeared on the territory of the park. This made it even more difficult to identify the owners of the seventeenth-century buildings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So, the Bronx was inhabited long before the English came here. Indeed, the Indians were the first to live here. But the Dutch colonized the land later.&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;History is the teacher of life,&#8221; the Romans said. This is true. By studying individual historical periods, we can learn a lot about our past and thus avoid a number of mistakes. There are many white spots in the history of the Bronx. One of them is the history of colonization of the territory where [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":341,"featured_media":12560,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4818],"tags":[5687,5691,5695,5688,5686,5689,5692,5696,5698,5697,5690,5693,5694],"moimportance":[31],"motype":[4825],"moformat":[83],"class_list":["post-13329","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-cultural","tag-a-colonial-settlement-of-the-17th-century-in-modern-van-cortlandt-park-bronx","tag-a-document-from-january-1656-mentions-a-resident-of-wiequaeskeck-who-took-care-of-van-der-doncks-cows","tag-accounting-books","tag-after-colen-donck","tag-colen-donck","tag-did-the-slave-trade-exist-in-the-settlement","tag-how-many-colonists-were-in-the-settlement-and-what-was-their-profession","tag-inventories","tag-maps-and-contacts","tag-receipts","tag-the-16th-century-was-a-time-of-slave-trade","tag-the-death-of-the-settlement","tag-the-settlement-did-not-last-as-long-as-they-had-hoped","moimportance-aktualna-bilshe-roku","motype-eternal","moformat-longread-short"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/i-bronx.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13329","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/i-bronx.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/i-bronx.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i-bronx.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/341"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i-bronx.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13329"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/i-bronx.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13329\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13330,"href":"https:\/\/i-bronx.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13329\/revisions\/13330"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i-bronx.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12560"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/i-bronx.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13329"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i-bronx.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13329"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i-bronx.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13329"},{"taxonomy":"moimportance","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i-bronx.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/moimportance?post=13329"},{"taxonomy":"motype","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i-bronx.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/motype?post=13329"},{"taxonomy":"moformat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i-bronx.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/moformat?post=13329"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}